不符點(diǎn),接下來(lái)跟著小編一起熟悉下吧,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
“不符點(diǎn)”指在對(duì)外貿(mào)易過(guò)程中,銀行給賣家開出信用證(l/c),賣家沒有按照信用證的要求出具的單據(jù)內(nèi)容,一旦賣方的單證跟l/c上有不相符合的地方,即使一個(gè)字母或一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與信用證不相符合,都記為一處不符點(diǎn)。
一般有不符點(diǎn)銀行會(huì)扣罰賣方50美元--100美元(視各銀行具體規(guī)定而定,一般一票單據(jù)只扣罰一次,而無(wú)論該票單據(jù)不符點(diǎn)數(shù)量的多少),有些不符是不能避免的,這個(gè)時(shí)候銀行會(huì)注明此單為不符點(diǎn)交單。
這個(gè)時(shí)候l/c的銀行信用就不存在了,而轉(zhuǎn)變成了客戶的商業(yè)信用。因?yàn)閱巫C不符,銀行就可以不承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任,這個(gè)時(shí)候就看客戶的信用了,如果客戶愿意接受,那就沒有問(wèn)題;如果客戶突然改主意,不接受的話就麻煩了,那你的貨就存在進(jìn)退兩難的境地。
如果提單還是記名提單就更慘,貨一出港你們的貨權(quán)就轉(zhuǎn)到提單上收貨人那邊了,客戶如果拖著一直不付款,過(guò)了一定的時(shí)間限制后銀行就可以拍賣這批貨物,你的客戶做為b/l上的收貨人這個(gè)時(shí)候就有第一競(jìng)拍權(quán),極有可能以很便宜的價(jià)格得到這批貨。
常見“不符點(diǎn)”
1.credit expired:documents presented after expiry of credit
本質(zhì)上說(shuō),信用證過(guò)截止日并不是不符點(diǎn),但是開證行可以因此拒付。在我行到期的出口單據(jù),如超過(guò)截止日的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)(不應(yīng)超過(guò)5個(gè)工作日),可以聯(lián)系分行適當(dāng)將出單日期提前到截止日;在國(guó)外到期的進(jìn)口單據(jù),如超過(guò)截止日的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)(不應(yīng)超過(guò)5個(gè)工作日加適當(dāng)?shù)泥]遞時(shí)間),不應(yīng)盲目認(rèn)為信用證過(guò)截止日而拒付。
2.late presentation:document
presented after the period for presentation of documents as specified on the credit or in terms of article 43
關(guān)于出單日期的選擇可以參考1的相關(guān)分析。
3. bearing no lc no. or lc no on doc differ
注意很多案例中icc并不支持這樣的不符點(diǎn),需要慎重。
4. incorrect number of originals and copies presented
注意是否真的少提交了單據(jù)。缺少銀行副本,不應(yīng)構(gòu)成拒付的理由。
5. data content shown on one doc in conflict with that shown on another doc or data content shown on one doc in conflict with that shown on the same doc
注意數(shù)據(jù)并不要求等同一致,所以要慎重對(duì)待沖突的概念,并且將數(shù)據(jù)的沖突具體化。后面很多單據(jù)都會(huì)涉及這個(gè)問(wèn)題,將不再贅述。
適用運(yùn)輸單據(jù)
1.late shipment:transport document show a date after the latest date of shipment as shown on credit
如果信用證沒有要求ucp規(guī)定的運(yùn)輸單據(jù),那么應(yīng)該規(guī)定以何種單據(jù)的何種日期作為判斷的依據(jù),否則可能引起爭(zhēng)議。
2.port of loading/dispatch/taking in charge not as per the credit
注意區(qū)分港口和地理范圍之間的關(guān)系,如信用證要求shenzhen,china,提單顯示shekou,china,可能被認(rèn)為是不符點(diǎn)。
3.port of discharge/final destination not as per the credit
4.transport document shows an intended vessel/intended port of loading but on board notation does not additionally evidence actual port of loading and actual vessel
5.transhipment effected(transhipment made when credit prohibits transhipment and also specifically excludes sub-articles 23(d); 24(d); 27(c))
6.absence of on board notation on received for shipment bills of loading(where the credit calls for on board shipment)
注意ucp對(duì)裝船批注的要求,尤其是顯示了與裝運(yùn)港不同的收貨地時(shí),600并沒有改變500時(shí)代的要求。
7.on board notation not dated
完整裝船批注包括裝船日期、實(shí)際裝貨港、實(shí)際裝貨船只;根據(jù)不同情況,裝船批注并不需要包括全部?jī)?nèi)容,但是日期是必須的。
8.full set of transport documents not presented as required by the credit
在正本提單另有去向的情況下,提交全部提單也會(huì)造成單據(jù)不符。
9.transport documents do not identify carrier and not signed in accordance with the credit and or ucp
這是提單,或者說(shuō)交單中最容易出問(wèn)題的一點(diǎn),需要重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)、總結(jié)。
10.bills of loading not endorsed in blank(as stipulated by the credit)
提單的背書,尤其是特殊情況的背書,需要學(xué)習(xí)很多常識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí)。
11.showing defective condition of packages/goods
不清潔批注,注意與提單免責(zé)條款的區(qū)別。
12.notify party incorrectly shown
注意信用證應(yīng)該在提單條款明確規(guī)定通知方的名址,如果只要求通知申請(qǐng)人,那么只顯示申請(qǐng)人名稱可能不被認(rèn)為是不符點(diǎn)。
13.unauthenticated alteration
要明確什么是修改、如何證實(shí)修改。
14.bills of lading made out to order of shipper and not endorsed in blank
關(guān)于背書,尤其是特殊背書,應(yīng)該提醒經(jīng)辦分行。提單做成to order或to order of shipper的情況的,無(wú)論信用證是否要求背書,shipper都必須背書。
15.on board notation not stamped and signed as expected on l/c
一般來(lái)說(shuō),提單上的裝船批注不需要進(jìn)行簽章證實(shí),但如果信用證要求這樣的話,還是應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)簽章,雖然這在實(shí)務(wù)上沒有什么意義。
適用保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)
1.the currency in which the insurance document is expressed is not that of the credit 出口交單幾乎無(wú)此問(wèn)題,可能主要是一些外匯管制的國(guó)家有這種可能。
2.the amount of insurance is insufficient/under insured 注意如果是最后尾數(shù)的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)口應(yīng)該慎重對(duì)待,出口應(yīng)提示客戶。
3.specific risks as stipulated in the credit are not covered by the insurance document 險(xiǎn)別的描述最好是完全照抄信用證的規(guī)定。同時(shí),加強(qiáng)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)專業(yè)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)。
4.the insurance policy/certificate is not endorsed
5.the effective date for insurance is later than the date of shipment(or loading on board)
6.all the originals shown on the document as issued are not presented.
這一點(diǎn)有些時(shí)候可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議,需要深入研究。比如,保險(xiǎn)單是否需要顯示出具的正本份數(shù)?實(shí)務(wù)案例中,正本顯示1份,實(shí)際提交了2個(gè)正本,有些國(guó)外銀行會(huì)提出不符點(diǎn)。
適用金融單據(jù)
1. draft not signed by the beneficiary or draft signed but no indica
上海進(jìn)口家具報(bào)關(guān)上海進(jìn)口拖掛式房車代理清關(guān)進(jìn)出口報(bào)關(guān)的期限和程序等相關(guān)事宜(一)進(jìn)出境快件報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)深圳機(jī)場(chǎng)進(jìn)口清關(guān)流程與注意事項(xiàng)上海進(jìn)口印刷品清關(guān)代理的流程危險(xiǎn)品進(jìn)口清關(guān)所需資料填寫各國(guó)海關(guān)報(bào)關(guān)發(fā)票應(yīng)注意的相關(guān)事項(xiàng)